Self-efficacy is the specific belief in one's own ability to execute the actions needed to achieve a particular outcome. It is not general confidence or generic optimism: it is the concrete question "can I do this?" High self-efficacy predicts persistence in the face of obstacles, lower anticipatory anxiety, and higher actual performance on that task.
Concept origin
Albert Bandura (1977) introduced the construct in his Social Learning Theory. He identified four sources: mastery experiences (the most potent), vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. Decades of research confirm that self-efficacy predicts performance in education, health, and work better than measured aptitude.
Therapeutic approach
To increase self-efficacy in a specific area: 1) design graduated success experiences (progressive mastery); 2) use models similar to oneself; 3) receive specific, credible feedback; 4) manage physiological activation (anxiety) before the task. Order matters: direct experience comes first.
Related concepts
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